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Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS
Published on: April 7, 2021
Surfactant administration during endotracheal CPAP: Feasibility, risk factors for failure and short-term outcomes of
Lars Mense1,2, Tim Hansmann1, Barbara Seipolt1,2
1Division of Neonatology & Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Aim:
Whereas there is agreement that surfactant should be administered without mechanical ventilation, there is still a debate concerning the optimal method. DD-SURF combines the benefits of INSURE and less invasive surfactant administration (LISA). The efficacy of this approach has not been evaluated yet.
Methods:
Retrospective cohort study of all preterm newborns below 300/7 weeks gestational age admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Data on surfactant therapy, respiratory support during the first 96 h of life and neonatal morbidities until hospital discharge were collected from the electronic patient charts to evaluate the efficacy and safety of our approach.
Results:
In total, 222 newborns met the inclusion criteria; 174 (78%) received surfactant in the delivery room by the DD-SURF procedure and 21 infants (10%) were not extubated after surfactant administration (Surf-and-vent group). After DD-SURF, 75% of patients did not require reintubation. Intraventricular haemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia occured more often in infants after DD-SURF failure than after successful DD-SURF.
Conclusion:
DD-SURF potentially combines the benefits of INSURE and LISA and represents a useful alternative of surfactant delivery with comparable success rates to thin-catheter surfactant administration.
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