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Genomic-assisted breeding for climate-smart coffee.

Maria Amélia G Ferrão1,2, Aymbire F A da Fonseca1,2, Paulo S Volpi1

  • 1Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural-Incaper, ES, Brazil.

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Genomic-assisted breeding enhances climate resilience in Coffea canephora. This approach identifies key genetic markers for improved coffee yield, disease resistance, and quality, ensuring sustainable production for future global changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Genetics
  • Plant Breeding

Background:

  • Coffee production faces significant threats from climate change, impacting global supply chains.
  • Coffea canephora is a key coffee species, offering natural resilience to higher temperatures and stresses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement genomic-assisted breeding for developing climate-smart Coffea canephora.
  • To dissect the genetic architecture of yield, disease resistance, and quality traits under drought conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and diallel analyses were integrated.
  • Two Coffea canephora populations were evaluated over multiple harvests under severe drought.

Main Results:

  • Molecular markers associated with disease resistance and post-harvest traits were identified; yield and plant architecture showed polygenic inheritance.
  • Nonadditive gene actions and hybrid vigor were demonstrated for crosses between different geographical groups.
  • Medium-to-large heritability values indicate strong potential for rapid genetic gains in C. canephora.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic and quantitative genetics approaches provide a blueprint for accelerating coffee breeding.
  • This strategy supports the coffee supply chain in adapting to global environmental changes.
  • Molecular breeding advancements are crucial for sustainable coffee production.