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Updated: Aug 6, 2025
Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
Published on: January 29, 2018
Topographical study of scapular foramina and scapular nutrient foramina in dried skeletons
Laphatrada Yurasakpong1, Athikhun Suwannakhan2,3, Woranan Kirisattayakul4
1Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand.
Purpose:
The aim of our study is to study the prevalence and anatomy of scapular foramina (SF) and scapular nutrient foramina (SNF) in dried skeletons from the Northeastern Thai population.
Methods:
A total of 150 dried scapulae were investigated. Both SF and SNF were identified using a metal wire with a diameter of 0.36 mm. The number, locations, lengths, and diameters of SF were recorded. Subsequently, SNF were identified using the same metal wire. Their number and locations were recorded. Two observers performed the evaluations and measurements.
Results:
SF were present in 78.0% of scapulae. They could have up to five openings. Eighteen types were found. On average they were longer in males (21.7 ± 5.0 mm) than females (19.45 ± 4.6 mm). The mean diameters of both the superior and inferior openings were significantly greater in females (p < 0.01). SNF, in contrast, were present in 100% of scapulae. They were located in the supraspinous fossa (36.7%), subscapular fossa (31.3%), infraspinous fossa (22.8%), and peri-glenoid area (10.0%).
Conclusion:
Unlike previous studies, the present study suggests that SF are normal anatomical findings, present in 78.0% of the scapulae investigated. Surgeons should be aware of both SNF and SF when operating or interpreting radiological findings.
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