Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

54.2K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
54.2K
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

785
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
785
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

7.3K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
7.3K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

6.2K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.2K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

633
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
633
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

3.0K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Continued care and provision of glasses are necessary to improve visual and academic outcomes in children: Experience from a cluster-randomized controlled trial of school-based vision screening.

Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique·2024
Same journal

Sensorimotor Disturbances After Extended Depth of Focus Intraocular Lens Implantation.

Journal of binocular vision and ocular motility·2026
Same journal

Unilateral Medial Rectus Recession for Correction of 20 to 30 ∆ of Esotropia.

Journal of binocular vision and ocular motility·2026
Same journal

Beyond the Classic Near Triad: Diagnostic Insights from a Case of Accommodative Spasm.

Journal of binocular vision and ocular motility·2026
Same journal

Different Laterality in Hereditary Monozygotic Twins with Duane Retraction Syndrome Type I: A Case Report.

Journal of binocular vision and ocular motility·2026
Same journal

Clinical Profile and Surgical Outcomes of Bilateral Duane Syndrome with Exotropia.

Journal of binocular vision and ocular motility·2026
Same journal

Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of Acute Acquired V-Pattern Esotropia: A Comparative Study Highlighting Novel Demographics, Refractive Profiles, and Superior Sensory Recovery.

Journal of binocular vision and ocular motility·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games
06:25

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games

Published on: January 14, 2020

14.4K

Vision Beyond Vision: Lessons Learned from Amblyopia.

Agnes M F Wong1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility
|March 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Amblyopia, or lazy eye, impacts more than vision, affecting motor control, balance, and sensory integration. Early detection through school screenings is crucial for timely intervention in children.

Keywords:
Eye movementsaudiovisual integrationbalanceeye-hand coordinationvision screening

More Related Videos

Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia
06:19

Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia

Published on: September 27, 2024

270
Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

480

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games
06:25

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games

Published on: January 14, 2020

14.4K
Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia
06:19

Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia

Published on: September 27, 2024

270
Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

480

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Amblyopia, commonly known as lazy eye, is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by spatiotemporal uncertainty in the visual system.
  • Its effects extend beyond visual acuity, impacting oculomotor control, motor coordination, balance, and multisensory integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the widespread systemic effects of amblyopia beyond visual deficits.
  • To highlight the importance of early detection and intervention strategies for amblyopia.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews existing literature on the systemic effects of amblyopia.
  • It examines changes in oculomotor control, motor control, balance, multisensory integration, and auditory localization.

Main Results:

  • Amblyopia significantly impairs oculomotor functions like fixation and saccades.
  • Motor control, including eye-hand coordination and sensorimotor adaptation, is compromised.
  • Postural stability, multisensory integration (e.g., McGurk effect), and auditory localization are also negatively affected.
  • These deficits correlate with the severity of visual and stereo acuity loss.

Conclusions:

  • Amblyopia has profound, widespread effects on multiple sensory and motor systems.
  • Early detection via in-school screenings, particularly for at-risk populations, is essential.
  • Follow-up care and provision of corrective eyewear are critical components of intervention.