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Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice
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Sexual behavior shapes male genitourinary microbiome composition.

Evelyn Toh1, Yue Xing2, Xiang Gao2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Cell Reports. Medicine
|March 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The male urethra has a core microbiome, but vaginal intercourse can introduce bacteria linked to vaginal dysbiosis. This highlights the connection between sexual behavior and the male urogenital microbiome.

Keywords:
developmentidiopathicmicrobiomemicrobiotasexually transmitted infectionurethraurethritisurobiome

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Microbiology
  • Sexual Health

Background:

  • The distal male urethral microbiome's origin and role are largely unknown.
  • Vaginal microbiome dysbiosis is associated with sexual activity and urogynecological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the composition of the male urethral microbiome.
  • To investigate the influence of sexual behavior on the male urethral microbiome.

Main Methods:

  • Shotgun metagenomics was used to analyze 110 urethral specimens from asymptomatic men.
  • Data were analyzed to identify bacterial composition and associations with behavioral factors.

Main Results:

  • Most male urethral specimens contained typical bacteria like lactic acid bacteria and Corynebacterium spp.
  • Bacteria associated with vaginal dysbiosis were found in men reporting vaginal intercourse.
  • Sexual behavior was the primary factor associated with variations in urethral microbiome composition.

Conclusions:

  • The male urethra harbors a core microbiome established independently of sexual exposure.
  • Vaginal intercourse can alter the male urethral microbiome, introducing potential pathobionts.
  • Urogenital microbiology and sexual behavior are closely interconnected.