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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Compact Bone01:27

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Construction and Evaluation of a Murine Calvarial Osteolysis Model by Exposure to CoCrMo Particles in Aseptic Loosening
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Diffuse Calvarial Hyperstosis.

Ali Alkhaibary1, Ahoud Alharbi1, Sami Khairy1

  • 1College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

World Neurosurgery
|March 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diffuse calvarial hyperostosis, a bone thickening condition, was observed in a patient with end-stage renal disease and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. This case highlights the bone abnormalities associated with metabolic disorders.

Keywords:
BoneDiffuseOsteolyticSkullThickening

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Calvarial hyperostosis can be idiopathic or secondary to metabolic conditions.
  • End-stage renal disease (ESRD) and tertiary hyperparathyroidism are significant metabolic pathologies.
  • Brown tumors are a manifestation of severe hyperparathyroidism.

Observation:

  • A 26-year-old male with ESRD, tertiary hyperparathyroidism, and skeletal deformities presented with macrocephaly.
  • Clinical examination revealed frontal bossing and developmental delays.
  • Imaging showed diffuse calvarial and facial bone hyperostosis with sclerotic/lytic lesions.

Findings:

  • Computed tomography (CT) revealed diffuse calvarial hyperostosis and facial bone expansion.
  • CT demonstrated narrowing of basilar skull foramina due to bone lesions.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed expansile bone marrow abnormalities in the skull base and calvarium.

Implications:

  • The findings correlate with the patient's hypermetabolic state and tertiary hyperparathyroidism.
  • This case underscores the complex skeletal manifestations in patients with ESRD and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
  • Conservative management with regular follow-up was initiated for this rare presentation.