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An induced annual modulation signature in COSINE-100 data by DAMA/LIBRA's analysis method.

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Scientific Reports
|March 23, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The DAMA-LIBRA experiment reported annual modulation possibly from dark matter. However, the COSINE-100 experiment observed a similar modulation, but with an opposite phase, suggesting background variations may explain the signal.

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Area of Science:

  • Experimental physics
  • Particle astrophysics
  • Cosmology

Background:

  • The DAMA-LIBRA experiment has reported a persistent annual modulation in its event rate, interpreted as potential evidence for dark matter interactions.
  • Despite extensive searches, other experiments have not confirmed the DAMA-LIBRA findings, leading to ongoing debate about the signal's origin.
  • Alternative explanations, including detector environmental variations and analysis methods, have been proposed to account for the observed modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin of the annual modulation signal observed by DAMA-LIBRA.
  • To test whether a similar analysis method applied to COSINE-100 data could reproduce the DAMA-LIBRA signal.
  • To explore the role of time-dependent backgrounds in mimicking dark matter signals.

Main Methods:

  • The COSINE-100 experiment's data was analyzed using an analysis technique similar to that employed by DAMA-LIBRA.
  • Simulations of DAMA-LIBRA data were performed, assuming identical background compositions but excluding dark matter signals.
  • The phase and amplitude of the observed modulations in both real and simulated data were compared.

Main Results:

  • A significant annual modulation was detected in the COSINE-100 data, exhibiting a phase nearly opposite to that reported by DAMA-LIBRA.
  • Simulated DAMA-LIBRA experiments, without invoking dark matter, also produced significant annual modulations with amplitudes comparable to the DAMA-LIBRA results but with an opposite phase.
  • These findings suggest that time-dependent background effects, potentially related to the analysis method, could be responsible for the observed modulation in DAMA-LIBRA.

Conclusions:

  • The observed opposite phase modulation in COSINE-100 data and simulations challenges the dark matter interpretation of the DAMA-LIBRA signal.
  • The results highlight the critical importance of understanding and characterizing time-dependent backgrounds in dark matter detection experiments.
  • Further in-depth studies of DAMA-LIBRA's background data are motivated to fully elucidate the source of the annual modulation.