Thyroid Disorders and Movement Disorders-A Systematic Review.

Area of Science:

• Neuroendocrinology
• Neurology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Movement disorders and neuroendocrine abnormalities frequently overlap.
• Thyroid dysfunction is a notable neuroendocrine abnormality linked to various neurological symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the association between thyroid dysfunction and movement disorders.
• To discuss thyroid physiology, disorders, and their manifestations, including movement abnormalities.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of literature.
• Analysis of thyroid physiological function and classical thyroid disorders.
• Discussion of diagnostic procedures and treatments for thyroid-related movement disorders.

Main Results:

• Hypothyroidism is linked to hypokinetic (e.g., parkinsonism) and hyperkinetic movement disorders (e.g., tremor, myoclonus, ataxia).
• Hyperthyroidism primarily presents with hyperkinetic movement disorders, notably tremor, but also chorea, dystonia, and myoclonus.
• The relationship between thyroid dysfunction and Parkinson's disease risk remains inconclusive.

Conclusions:

• Accurate diagnosis of movement disorders associated with thyroid disease is essential due to their treatability.
• The underlying pathophysiology linking thyroid dysfunction and movement disorders requires further investigation.
• More comprehensive case documentation and experimental studies are needed to elucidate these connections.