Isthmic Spondylolisthesis in Young Gymnasts: A Report of Two Cases

Isthmic spondylolisthesis is a condition characterized by the subluxation of one vertebral body over the adjacent inferior vertebral body, secondary to a defect in the pars interarticularis. This paper reports two cases of young acrobatic gymnasts who presented with long-term, progressive lumbosciatic pain and lower limb dysesthesia. One gymnast presented with additional neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Diagnostic testing revealed L5-S1 spondylolisthesis due to bilateral isthmic lysis in both gymnasts. Both underwent L4-S2 fixation followed by L5-S1 transdiscal arthrodesis with Rialto sacroiliac fusion system (Medtronic^®, Minneapolis, MN, USA). Favorable evolution of neuromotor symptoms was observed after rehabilitation, with less residual neurological impairment in the case of higher-grade spondylolisthesis. This case series aims to emphasize the importance of recognizing this pathology in athletes as well as its correct management. Early surgical intervention can prevent the onset and progression of neurological deficits.