Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Pediatrician Awareness of Infant Dyschezia in Indonesia
Muzal Kadim1, Ucha Merendar Putri1, Hartono Gunardi1
1Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Insights
Infant dyschezia affects 11.8% of Indonesian infants, with risk factors including family size and diet. Pediatrician awareness is moderate, but diagnostic testing is infrequent.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Gastroenterology
- Public Health
Background:
- Infant dyschezia is a common functional bowel disorder in infants.
- Understanding its prevalence and risk factors in diverse populations like Indonesia is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and identify risk factors associated with infant dyschezia in Indonesia.
- To assess pediatricians' awareness and diagnostic practices concerning infant dyschezia.
Main Methods:
- A two-part cross-sectional study involving parent surveys (using validated Rome IV criteria) and pediatrician questionnaires.
- Infants under 9 months attending well-baby clinics and randomly selected pediatricians were recruited.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of infant dyschezia was 11.8%.
- Significant risk factors included family size, complementary food diet, and social-emotional disturbances.
- 71.5% of pediatricians correctly diagnosed infant dyschezia, though most (79.7%) did not use diagnostic tests.
Conclusions:
- The prevalence of infant dyschezia in Indonesia is higher than in some neighboring Asian countries, particularly in infants aged 7-9 months.
- Being an only child, receiving complementary foods, and experiencing socio-emotional disturbances are key risk factors.
- Pediatricians' diagnostic approaches for infant dyschezia often rely on education rather than specific testing.
Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of infant dyschezia as well as pediatrician awareness regarding this disease in Indonesia.
Methods:
This is a two-part cross-sectional study, which was divided into study A and B. Study A: Parents whose infants were under 9 months old and attended well-baby clinics were recruited at two randomly selected primary health centers. Parents also provided information on the infant's previous medical history, and socio-demographic and family details. The Rome IV criteria was translated and validated to be used for diagnosis of infant dyschezia. Study B: Randomly selected pediatricians were surveyed by using a questionnaire to evaluate their knowledge regarding infant dyschezia.
Results:
The prevalence of infant dyschezia based on the result of this study was 11.8%. Three risk factors had a significant relationship with infant dyschezia i.e., the number of children in the family (odds ratio [OR], 5.619; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.194-14.390; p<0.001), complementary food diet (OR, 4.238; 95% CI, 1.902-9.443; p<0.001), and social-emotional disturbance (OR, 5.670; 95% CI, 2.550-12.609; p<0.001). The percentage of pediatricians correctly diagnosed infant dyschezia was 71.5%. Most pediatricians agreed that they did not perform any diagnostic testing (79.7%) and only provided education in cases of infant dyschezia (58.5%).
Conclusion:
The prevalence of infant dyschezia identified in our study was higher than that in other neighboring Asian countries, with the highest prevalence observed in infants 7-9 months old. Being an only child, receiving complementary food diet, and sociao-emotional disturbances were significant risk factors of infant dyschezia.
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