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Published on: February 21, 2019
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Emergency examination authorities in Queensland, Australia
Alan R Clough1,2, Angela Evans3, Veronica Graham1
1College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
Emergency Medicine Australasia : EMA
|March 23, 2023
Summary
Emergency Examination Authorities (EEAs) in Queensland allow police and ambulance services to detain individuals experiencing mental health crises. Most patients detained under EEAs did not require hospital admission, highlighting the system's role in initial assessment and de-escalation.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Mental Health Law
- Emergency Medicine
Background:
- Queensland's Public Health Act (2005), amended in 2017, introduced Emergency Examination Authorities (EEAs).
- EEAs empower Queensland Police Service (QPS) and Queensland Ambulance Service (QAS) to detain individuals with severe mental capacity disturbances posing risks.
- Limited published data exists on these critical patient encounters and the application of EEAs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze data from Emergency Examination Authorities (EEAs) in Queensland.
- To describe the characteristics of individuals detained under EEAs and the outcomes of these detentions.
- To provide insights into the impact of legislative reforms on mental health crisis management.
Main Methods:
- A convenience sample of 942 EEA forms was analyzed.
- Data extracted included patient demographics, officer descriptions of behavior and risk, detention start times, and examination outcomes.
- Forms were collected from both large central and smaller regional hospitals in non-metropolitan Queensland.
Main Results:
- 68% of EEAs were from larger hospitals, 32% from smaller regional ones.
- QAS initiated more EEAs (64%) than QPS (36%).
- Common characteristics included drug/alcohol issues (53%), self-harm (40%), aggression (25%), and prior EEAs (23%). Most patients (78%) did not require inpatient admission.
Conclusions:
- EEAs provide valuable data for assessing Queensland's legislative reforms in mental health crisis intervention.
- The findings offer insights into the profile of individuals subject to EEAs and the immediate outcomes.
- Further research can utilize EEA records to evaluate the effectiveness of mental health emergency response strategies.
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