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The Microbiome and Liver Cancer.

Yuta Myojin¹, Tim F Greten²

¹From the Gastrointestinal Malignancies Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch.

Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.)

|March 23, 2023

Summary

The gut microbiome influences liver cancer progression through immune cells. Targeting gut microbes, including through fecal microbiota transplantation and diet, may enhance immunotherapy effectiveness in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

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Published on: August 7, 2020

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Immunology
Oncology

Background:

The gut microbiome and liver share anatomical and functional connections.
Gut microbiota and metabolites impact liver cancer progression via immune cells in preclinical models.
Hepatocellular carcinoma patient gut microbes differ from controls and vary by etiology.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the role of gut microbiota in liver cancer.
To identify the gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma.
To review current understanding and ongoing trials regarding gut microbiota interventions in liver cancer.

Main Methods:

Review of preclinical models investigating gut microbiota impact on liver cancer.
Analysis of differences in gut microbial composition in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Examination of ongoing clinical trials for fecal microbiota transplantation and dietary interventions.

Main Results:

Gut microbiota composition differs in liver cancer patients and is influenced by disease etiology.
Preclinical data suggest gut microbes affect liver cancer progression through immune modulation.
Fecal microbiota transplantation and dietary interventions are being investigated for immunotherapy enhancement.

Conclusions:

The gut microbiome is a promising therapeutic target for liver cancer.
Interactions between gut microbes and the tumor immune microenvironment offer novel treatment strategies.
Further research and clinical trials are needed to leverage gut microbiota for improved hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy.