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Revegetation through seeding or planting: A worldwide systematic map.

Alba Lázaro-González1, Enrique Andivia2, Arndt Hampe3

  • 1Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; INRAE, University of Bordeaux, BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France.

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|March 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Choosing between direct seeding and planting nursery seedlings for land restoration is crucial. This systematic map reveals research gaps and highlights the need for studies on economic impacts and long-term outcomes for effective ecological restoration.

Keywords:
ForestryNurseryReforestationSeedlingSowingUN Decade on ecosystem restoration

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Area of Science:

  • Ecological restoration
  • Environmental science
  • Conservation biology

Background:

  • Globally, 2 billion hectares of land require ecological restoration.
  • Revegetation is a common restoration practice, presenting a choice between direct seeding and planting nursery-grown seedlings.
  • The selection of revegetation methods significantly impacts plant survival, performance, and restoration economics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically map and catalogue existing research comparing direct seeding and planting for ecological restoration.
  • To identify research gaps and opportunities for future studies in land restoration.
  • To provide a searchable database for managers to find relevant literature on revegetation methods.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic map was developed following a peer-reviewed protocol.
  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted in eight languages, retrieving 3355 publications, with 178 retained.
  • A database was compiled detailing study characteristics, including location, habitat, objectives, plant material, technical aspects, and measured outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Significant research gaps exist, particularly in the Global South, tropical rainforests, and studies with long-term monitoring.
  • Inconsistent reporting on crucial technical aspects (e.g., seed provenance, nursery methods) and outcome measures (e.g., economic aspects, general restoration success) limits knowledge synthesis.
  • A substantial body of research exists for temperate regions and short-term periods (0-5 years), suggesting a need for meta-analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The current research landscape presents opportunities for expanding field-based studies, especially in underrepresented regions and ecosystems.
  • Addressing reporting inconsistencies and incorporating economic and broader ecological outcomes are vital for advancing restoration science.
  • Future meta-analyses synthesizing existing data could clarify the efficacy of seeding versus planting under various conditions.