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Recent advances in isolation and detection of exosomal microRNAs related to Alzheimer's disease

Esmail Pishbin1, Fatemeh Sadri2, Amin Dehghan3

  • 1Bio-microfluidics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.

Environmental Research
|March 23, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Early Alzheimer's disease diagnosis is crucial. Researchers are exploring microfluidic devices and biosensors to detect exosomal microRNAs, offering a promising avenue for early detection and improved patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder with significant risk factors in its early stages.
  • Early diagnosis of AD is critical for effective treatment management.
  • Circulating exosomal microRNAs show potential as valuable biomarkers for early AD detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in detecting Alzheimer's disease-related exosomal microRNAs.
  • To summarize the application of microfluidic devices for biomarker detection in AD.
  • To address challenges in novel exosomal microRNA isolation and detection technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of electrochemical, fluorescent, and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor technologies.
  • Analysis of microfluidic devices for efficient exosome isolation and biomarker detection.
  • Comparison of novel device efficiencies against gold standard methods.

Main Results:

  • Microfluidics enhances the efficiency and reduces the cost of exosome isolation compared to traditional methods.
  • Various biosensor types (electrochemical, fluorescent, SPR) show promise for detecting AD-related exosomal microRNAs.
  • The paper details the pros, cons, and efficiencies of presented devices.

Conclusions:

  • Microfluidic-based biosensors represent a significant advancement for early Alzheimer's disease diagnosis.
  • Exosomal microRNAs are emerging as key biomarkers, with microfluidics improving their detection.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in current isolation and detection technologies.
Keywords:
AlzheimerBiosensorsExosomeMicrofluidicsmicroRNA

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