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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
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A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects
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Transdermal carbon monoxide delivery.

Matthias Ruopp1, Simon Reiländer1, Dorothee Haas2

  • 1University of Würzburg, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|March 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel patch delivers the anti-inflammatory gas carbon monoxide (CO) through the skin to treat tendinopathy. This therapeutic gas promotes tissue healing by stimulating fibroblast proliferation and M2 macrophage polarization.

Keywords:
CO releaseCO-releasing moleculesCarbon monoxideTransdermal delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Joint injuries like tendinopathy are difficult to treat pharmacologically due to poor drug penetration.
  • Therapeutic gases offer potential for deeper tissue penetration compared to conventional drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel patch device for transdermal delivery of carbon monoxide (CO) to treat tendinopathy.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of CO in reaching subcutaneous tissues and its biological effects.

Main Methods:

  • A patch device was designed to release anti-inflammatory carbon monoxide (CO) upon activation.
  • The device was tested for its ability to deliver CO through intact skin for sustained periods.
  • In vitro studies assessed CO's effects on fibroblast proliferation and monocyte polarization.

Main Results:

  • The CO-releasing patch successfully delivered CO through intact skin, providing up to 16 hours of subcutaneous exposure.
  • Released CO stimulated fibroblast proliferation, a key process in tissue repair.
  • CO induced monocyte polarization towards an anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotype.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CO-releasing patch demonstrates potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for tendinopathy.
  • Transdermal CO delivery may overcome limitations of conventional treatments for localized joint injuries.
  • Further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm the therapeutic potential of this approach.