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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Pulse Assessment Sites01:11

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Pulse assessment sites are crucial in evaluating a patient's cardiovascular health. By assessing the pulsations of arteries at specific anatomical locations, healthcare professionals can gather valuable information about blood flow, heart rate, and peripheral circulation. Understanding these pulse assessment sites is essential for conducting comprehensive cardiovascular evaluations and monitoring patients' overall health. These sites are strategically chosen due to the accessibility and...
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Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

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Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
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The levels of care describe the services provided in the healthcare system. Accordingly, there are six levels of the traditional healthcare system in the US: preventive, primary, secondary, tertiary, restorative, and continuing healthcare. A nurse must understand how the healthcare industry organizes and provides services within these levels of care.
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Disparities in preventative diabetic foot examination.

Sarah Ali Fermawi1, Jeffrey P Tolson2, Shannon M Knapp3

  • 1Division of General Surgery, Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL.

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|March 23, 2023
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Summary

Hispanic adults with diabetes receive fewer preventive foot exams than White adults. This disparity highlights the need to address inequities in diabetic foot care among minority groups.

Keywords:
Diabetes mellitusDiabetes preventative careDiabetic care disparitiesDiabetic foot careDiabetic foot examination

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Disparities
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Diabetic foot ulceration is a significant complication of diabetes, leading to morbidity and mortality.
  • Preventive foot care, including regular examinations, is crucial for early detection and management of foot problems in diabetic patients.
  • Racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare access and quality are well-documented, potentially impacting preventive care utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate differences in preventive foot care standards for patients at risk of diabetic foot ulceration.
  • To identify demographic factors, specifically race and ethnicity, influencing these healthcare practices.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018).
  • Inclusion of adult participants (20+ years) with diabetes, categorized by self-reported race and ethnicity.
  • Logistic regression used to assess the impact of race and ethnicity on annual diabetic foot examinations, controlling for age, gender, and insurance status.

Main Results:

  • A total of 2,836 participants with diabetes were analyzed; 71.6% received an annual foot examination.
  • Hispanic participants were significantly less likely to receive an annual foot examination compared to White participants (aOR=0.685).
  • Older age (65+ years) and health insurance were positively associated with receiving a foot examination (aOR=1.42 and aOR=3.02, respectively).

Conclusions:

  • Hispanic adults with diabetes experience lower rates of preventive foot care compared to White adults.
  • Significant variations in the standard of care underscore the need to investigate factors contributing to disparities in preventive services for racial and ethnic minority groups.
  • Addressing these disparities is essential for improving outcomes and reducing the burden of diabetic foot complications.