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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

30
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

28
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
28
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

18
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

23
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

An Experimental Model of Myocardial Infarction for Studying Cardiac Repair and Remodeling in Knockout Mice
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Galectin-3 and HFpEF: Clarifying an Emerging Relationship.

Basil M Baccouche1, Emmajane Rhodenhiser2

  • 1School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

Current Cardiology Reviews
|March 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Circulating galectin-3 levels show promise as a biomarker for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Further research may help predict treatment outcomes and reduce mortality in HFpEF patients.

Keywords:
HFpEFbiomarkercardiovascular diseasegalectin-3heart failurerisk factor

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomarkers
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major cause of mortality with increasing prevalence.
  • Galectin-3 is an emerging cardiovascular disease risk factor.
  • This study investigates the link between galectin-3 and HFpEF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between circulating galectin-3 levels and the clinical diagnosis of HFpEF.
  • To assess galectin-3 as a potential biomarker for HFpEF.
  • To explore galectin-3's predictive value for HFpEF onset and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted.
  • Eighteen studies meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed.
  • Data on study characteristics, outcomes, assays, findings, and associations were summarized.

Main Results:

  • Five studies found significant associations between galectin-3 and HFpEF diagnosis.
  • Galectin-3 levels correlated with diastolic dysfunction severity in five studies.
  • Three studies linked circulating galectin-3 to increased mortality or rehospitalization.
  • Two studies identified galectin-3 as a predictor of later HFpEF onset.

Conclusions:

  • Galectin-3 demonstrates potential as an HFpEF-associated biomarker.
  • Further research is needed to validate its role in predicting treatment course.
  • Galectin-3 may help reduce morbidity and mortality in HFpEF patients.