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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

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Published on: March 27, 2018

Giant Nonlinear Optical Response via Coherent Stacking of In-Plane Ferroelectric Layers.

Nannan Mao^1,2, Yue Luo^3,4, Ming-Hui Chiu^1,5

¹Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|March 24, 2023

Summary

Ultrathin tin selenide (SnSe) exhibits in-plane ferroelectricity and a giant nonlinear optical effect. This discovery offers potential for advanced nonvolatile memory and optoelectronic devices.

Keywords:

SnSe ferroelectric domains ferroelectric stacking group-IV monochalcogenides in-plane ferroelectric materials physical vapor deposition second-harmonic generation

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Thin ferroelectric materials are crucial for developing compact nonvolatile memory and advanced nonlinear optical/optoelectronic devices.
Group-IV monochalcogenides, like SnSe, are emerging as promising candidates for such applications due to their unique properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the ferroelectric properties and nonlinear optical effects of ultrathin, in-plane SnSe.
To explore the potential of SnSe for next-generation electronic and photonic devices.

Main Methods:

Physical vapor deposition was used to synthesize ultrathin SnSe films.
Lateral piezoresponse force microscopy was employed to characterize ferroelectric domains and their boundaries.
Atomic structure characterization was performed to understand layer stacking and ordering.

Main Results:

Nanometer-scale ferroelectric domains with ≈90°/270° twin boundaries and ≈180° domain walls were observed in SnSe.
Both parallel and antiparallel stacking of van der Waals ferroelectric layers were identified, leading to ferroelectric or antiferroelectric ordering.
Giant nonlinear optical activity was demonstrated, with second-harmonic generation 100 times more intense than monolayer WS₂.

Conclusions:

Ultrathin SnSe exhibits in-plane ferroelectric ordering and giant nonlinear optical activity.
The findings highlight SnSe as a promising material for on-chip nonlinear optical components and nonvolatile memory applications.