Biogenic metallic nanoparticles as enzyme mimicking agents.

Area of Science:

• * Biotechnology and Nanomaterials Science

Background:

• * Traditional nanomaterial synthesis methods often involve toxic, polluting, and expensive processes.
• * Biological systems (plants, bacteria, fungi) offer sustainable, eco-friendly, and economical routes for nanomaterial production.
• * Biogenic nanoparticles possess unique physicochemical properties enabling diverse applications in biomedicine, biotechnology, environmental science, and engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To review the intrinsic enzymatic mimetic activity of biogenic metallic nanoparticles.
• * To discuss the cytotoxic effects of nanoparticles and the role of capping agents in mitigating toxicity.
• * To summarize recent advancements in green synthetic strategies for metallic nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

• * Literature review of current research on biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles.
• * Analysis of physicochemical properties of biogenic nanoparticles.
• * Examination of enzymatic mimetic activity and cytotoxic effects.
• * Evaluation of capping agents as reducing and stabilizing agents.

Main Results:

• * Biogenic metallic nanoparticles exhibit intrinsic enzymatic mimetic activity.
• * Nanoparticle physicochemical properties influence cytotoxicity.
• * Capping agents play a crucial role in reducing toxicity and enhancing nanoparticle stability.
• * Various green synthetic strategies for metallic nanoparticles have been developed.

Conclusions:

• * Biosynthesis offers a sustainable and efficient approach to producing functional metallic nanoparticles.
• * Understanding nanoparticle properties and employing capping agents are key to safe and effective applications.
• * Continued research in green synthesis will drive innovation in nanomaterial development for various scientific fields.