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Induced membrane technique using bone cement with or without cefazolin in chicken segmental radius defect.

Luiz D Campeiro Junior¹, Sheila Canevese Rahal¹, Marcos A Souza²

¹Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.

Frontiers in Veterinary Science

|March 24, 2023

Summary

Cefazolin-loaded bone cement did not alter induced membrane thickness in chickens but negatively impacted histological features, including reduced vascularity and cartilage formation, suggesting potential complications in avian bone defect healing.

Keywords:

antibiotic histology membrane polymethyl methacrylate radiography spacer

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Orthopedic Surgery
Biomaterials Science

Background:

Antibiotic-loaded cement spacers are used in human medicine for induced membrane development.
Their application and effects in avian species remain unevaluated.
Induced membranes play a crucial role in bone defect healing and regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the impact of cefazolin-loaded bone cement on induced membrane formation in a chicken radius segmental defect model.
To compare radiographic and histological outcomes between bone cement alone and cefazolin-loaded bone cement.

Main Methods:

A segmental defect was created in the radius of 30 healthy chickens.
Groups received either bone cement (G1) or cefazolin-loaded bone cement (G2).
Radiography was performed post-surgery and at 7, 15, and 21 days; histology was evaluated at 7, 15, and 21 days.

Main Results:

Radiographically, bone cement was visible in both groups; new bone formation was minimal and observed late.
Histologically, membrane thickness was similar, but cefazolin group showed fewer blood vessels and less cartilage formation at 21 days.
Inflammation persisted longer in the cefazolin group, with differing cellular responses over time.

Conclusions:

Cefazolin mixed with bone cement did not affect induced membrane thickness in avian radius defects.
However, it negatively influenced histological parameters, including reduced vascularity, cartilage, and prolonged inflammation.
These findings suggest potential adverse effects of cefazolin-loaded bone cement on bone healing in birds.