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Changes in Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents with Asthma during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Christy Kim1,2, Sankaran Krishnan1,2, John J Welter1

  • 1New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.

Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology
|March 24, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Children with asthma experienced accelerated weight gain during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study found a higher body mass index (BMI) increase rate in pediatric asthma patients during the pandemic compared to the prior year.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to increased weight gain in children.
  • Weight changes in pediatric asthma patients during the pandemic remain under-described.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in body mass index (BMI) among children with asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To compare BMI changes in pediatric asthma patients between the pandemic year and the preceding year.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 267 children (6-18 years) with asthma seen in 2019 and 2020.
  • Comparison of mean monthly body mass index (BMI) change rates between the two years.
  • Analysis of demographic and asthma-related factors influencing BMI changes.

Main Results:

  • The mean monthly BMI increase rate was significantly higher during the pandemic year (0.128 ± 0.283 kg/m²/month) compared to the previous year (0.084 ± 0.160 kg/m²/month; P=0.03).
  • Children with overweight or obesity at baseline showed a trend toward greater BMI increases.
  • Severely obese children exhibited the most substantial BMI gains.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric asthma patients experienced an accelerated rate of BMI gain during the early COVID-19 pandemic.
  • The findings highlight potential pandemic-related impacts on weight management in children with asthma, particularly those with pre-existing obesity.

Keywords:
COVID-19 pandemicasthmaobesity

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