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Related Concept Videos

Horizontal Gene Transfer01:27

Horizontal Gene Transfer

49
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...
49
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

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Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Transduction01:16

Transduction

51
Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

8.1K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Methodology for the Study of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Staphylococcus aureus
10:39

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Published on: March 10, 2017

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A complete theoretical framework for inferring horizontal gene transfers using partial order sets.

Nahla A Belal1, Lenwood S Heath2

  • 1Department of Computer Science, Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt.

Plos One
|March 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new method to detect horizontal gene transfer (HGT) using partial orders. Comparing phylogenetic trees derived from these orders reveals contradictions, indicating HGT events in evolutionary history.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a significant evolutionary mechanism.
  • Detecting HGT is crucial for understanding genome evolution and microbial diversity.
  • Existing methods for HGT detection have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel computational method for identifying horizontal gene transfer (HGT).
  • To utilize partial orders (posets) as a basis for phylogenetic analysis in HGT detection.
  • To develop a robust approach for comparing gene-specific evolutionary histories.

Main Methods:

  • Constructing gene-specific phylogenetic trees compatible with partial orders (posets) for each species/gene pair.
  • Deriving sets of posets from constructed phylogenetic trees.
  • Comparing phylogenetic trees across different genes to identify conflicting evolutionary signals.

Main Results:

  • The method successfully constructs phylogenetic trees from posets.
  • Contradictions identified between gene-specific phylogenetic trees serve as indicators of HGT.
  • The approach provides a framework for inferring evolutionary relationships influenced by gene transfer.

Conclusions:

  • Partial orders offer a viable framework for phylogenetic tree construction and HGT detection.
  • Comparing gene trees derived from posets is an effective strategy for identifying HGT events.
  • This method enhances our ability to trace the complex evolutionary trajectories of genes.