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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Biophysical Assays to Probe the Mechanical Properties of the Interphase Cell Nucleus: Substrate Strain Application and Microneedle Manipulation
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Biophysical Assays to Probe the Mechanical Properties of the Interphase Cell Nucleus: Substrate Strain Application and Microneedle Manipulation

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Mechanical strain treatment improves nuclear transfer reprogramming efficiency by enhancing chromatin accessibility.

Yujie Chen1, Ruimin Xu1, Shuang Zhou2

  • 1Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.

Stem Cell Reports
|March 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Mechanical strain improves cell reprogramming efficiency by increasing chromatin accessibility and preventing transcriptional errors in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. This highlights mechanical properties as key regulators of cell fate transitions.

Keywords:
SCNTchromatin accessibilityembryonic genome activationmechanical strainreprogramming

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Biophysical Assays to Probe the Mechanical Properties of the Interphase Cell Nucleus: Substrate Strain Application and Microneedle Manipulation
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High-resolution Imaging of Nuclear Dynamics in Live Cells under Uniaxial Tensile Strain
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cellular mechanical properties influence cell fate transitions, but their precise roles in reprogramming efficiency and chromatin regulation are unclear.
  • Understanding these links is crucial for advancing regenerative medicine and developmental biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of mechanical strain on cell reprogramming efficiency and chromatin structure.
  • To explore the potential of modulating cellular mechanics to enhance cell fate transitions, specifically in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).

Main Methods:

  • Mechanical strain treatment was applied to mouse cumulus cells (CCs).
  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) reprogramming efficiency was assessed.
  • Chromatin accessibility was measured globally.
  • The role of the YAP-TEAD interaction in mediating mechanical strain effects was investigated.
  • Transcriptional profiles of SCNT embryos were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Mechanical strain treatment significantly improved SCNT reprogramming efficiency in CCs.
  • Strain treatment led to global increases in chromatin accessibility.
  • The YAP-TEAD pathway was identified as a partial mediator of strain-induced chromatin changes.
  • Using mechanically strained CCs prevented transcriptional dysregulation in SCNT embryos.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating cellular mechanical properties, such as through mechanical strain, can effectively regulate epigenetic status.
  • This approach shows promise for enhancing cell fate transitions and improving reprogramming efficiency in SCNT.
  • The findings offer a novel strategy for advancing cell reprogramming technologies.