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Updated: Aug 5, 2025
Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury
Published on: February 1, 2018
The combined intervention of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and nutrition therapy: A scoping review
Tomohiro Ikeda1, Sho Katayama1, Takashi Kitagawa2
1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
Background & Aims:
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a safe and appropriate complement to voluntary resistance training for muscle weakness. However, its feasibility and effectiveness in combination with nutritional therapy remains unclear. This scoping review aimed to summarize the evidence on combined interventions for individuals with or at risk of sarcopenia for guiding future relevant research.
Methods:
A systematic electronic search was conducted using the following databases and registry: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PEDro, and ClinicalTrials. gov. Two independent reviewers summarized the characteristics, effectiveness, and feasibility of the combined intervention and the risk of bias in the literature.
Results:
Nine RCTs and four non-RCTs involving 802 participants were eligible. A diverse group of participants were included: older adults with sarcopenic obesity, patients in intensive care, and patients with cancer. Evidence-based interventions combining NMES and nutritional therapy were tailored to each patient's underlying disease. Although most studies were of low to moderate quality, it can be suggested that combined interventions may be feasible and effective for increasing skeletal muscle mass.
Conclusion:
This scoping review demonstrates the potential of combined interventions as a new sarcopenia treatment strategy and highlights the need to examine the effects in high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes.
