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Related Concept Videos

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview01:21

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview

278
Sample preparation is an essential step in the analytical process. It involves preparing a sample so that it can be analyzed accurately. The goal is to extract the analyte, the substance you want to measure, from the sample while removing any components that may interfere with the analysis. Sample preparation techniques vary depending on the physical state of the sample.
Bulk or large solid samples are typically reduced in size using grinding, crushing, or milling techniques to increase the...
278
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

568
In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
568
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

2.2K
High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
2.2K
Chromatography: Introduction01:10

Chromatography: Introduction

4.5K
Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
The phase in which the compounds linger or on which the compounds adsorb is called the stationary phase, whereas the mobile phase is the solvent that carries the solutes to be analyzed. In traditional column chromatography, the mixture flows through the stationary phase, and the compounds partition between the stationary and mobile phases...
4.5K
Gas Chromatography: Introduction01:13

Gas Chromatography: Introduction

2.1K
Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a sample. Its primary purpose is to identify and quantify components in complex mixtures, making it essential in fields such as environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals. GC is also called vapor-phase chromatography (VPC) or gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC).
In GC,  a sample is vaporized and mixed with an inert carrier gas (the mobile phase), which transports it through a...
2.1K
Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases01:17

Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases

791
Gas chromatography (GC) relies on stationary phases to separate and analyze components in a sample. There are two main types of stationary phases: liquid and solid. Liquid stationary phases are non-volatile, thermally stable, and chemically inert liquids coated onto the column. Solid stationary phases are particles of adsorbent material, such as silica gel or molecular sieves.
For an analyte to remain on the column for a sufficient amount of time, it must exhibit some level of compatibility (or...
791

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
08:56

Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 22, 2024

700

Sample preparation for planar chromatography.

Colin F Poole1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

Journal of Separation Science
|March 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-performance thin-layer chromatography offers efficient separations, but sample preparation is key for complex matrices. Modern techniques focus on faster, automated extraction and advanced detection like mass spectrometry for improved analysis.

Keywords:
effect-directed analysisliquid-liquid extractionmultidimensional separationsplanar solid-phase extractionsample applicationsolvent extractionthin-layer chromatography

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A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography HPLC
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Multi-step Preparation Technique to Recover Multiple Metabolite Compound Classes for In-depth and Informative Metabolomic Analysis
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A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography HPLC
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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chromatography

Background:

  • High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) excels in high-throughput separations and matrix tolerance.
  • Sample preparation is crucial for managing interferences and improving analyte detectability in HPTLC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current trends and advancements in sample preparation techniques for HPTLC.
  • To highlight evolving detection methods and their impact on HPTLC workflows.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of traditional extraction methods (shake-flask, Soxhlet) with automated techniques (UAE, MAE, PLE, SFE).
  • Evaluation of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) for sample clean-up.
  • Discussion of on-layer planar solid-phase extraction for complex samples.

Main Results:

  • Automated and streamlined sample preparation methods are replacing traditional techniques.
  • Shift in detection from absorbance/fluorescence to bioassays and mass spectrometry (MS).
  • Advancements like automated spray-on applicators and elution head interfaces simplify workflows.

Conclusions:

  • Current HPTLC trends emphasize faster, simpler sample processing and analysis of complex samples.
  • Increased use of MS detection and planar SPE facilitates determination of trace contaminants.
  • Technological integration drives efficiency and expands analytical capabilities in HPTLC.