Characterization of the Ciguatoxin Profile in Fish Samples from the Eastern Atlantic Ocean using Capillary Liquid
Pablo Estevez1, Juan Oses Prieto2, Alma Burlingame2
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Vigo, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
Abstract:
Ciguatera Poisoning is an emerging risk in the east Atlantic Ocean. Despite characterization efforts, the complete profile of ciguatoxin chemical species in these waters is still unknown. These efforts have been complicated by a lack of reference materials and scarcity of fish contaminated with high levels of ciguatoxins. Development and application of analytical methods with enhanced selectivity and sensitivity is essential for ciguatoxin characterization. Here, we developed an analytical characterization approach using capillary liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry applied to reference materials obtained from ciguatoxin contaminated fish. Capillary LC coupled mass spectrometry resulted in increased sensitivity leading to the confirmation of C-CTX1 as the principal ciguatoxin present in these samples. We also detected and structurally characterized minor C-CTXs analogues consisting of C-CTX3/4, hydroxy-, didehydro-, and methoxy- metabolites.
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