Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

160
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
160
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

83
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
83
High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

331
Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
331
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

4.1K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
4.1K
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

397
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
397
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

6.5K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
6.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The hippocampus is listening.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same author

Neurons for seeing and imagining.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same author

Towards a bridge between intracerebral and surface EEG signatures of conscious report.

Neuroscience of consciousness·2026
Same author

A network signature of Parkinson's disease.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same author

Who delivers evidence matters.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same author

Fast readers think ahead.

Nature neuroscience·2025
Same journal

Use and Psychometric Properties of the MoCA in Spain: a Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.

Neuropsychology review·2026
Same journal

Health Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury: An Umbrella Review.

Neuropsychology review·2026
Same journal

A Systematic Review of Functional Brain Imaging Studies in Neurofibromatosis 1.

Neuropsychology review·2026
Same journal

Editorial March, 2026 Neuropsychology Review.

Neuropsychology review·2026
Same journal

Efficacy of Cognitive Training for Treating Cancer-related Cognitive Impairment: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis by Cognitive Domain.

Neuropsychology review·2026
Same journal

Immersive Virtual Reality in Neuropsychological Assessment of Acquired Brain Injury: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Neuropsychology review·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice
08:35

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice

Published on: January 22, 2016

12.3K

Same, Same but Different? A Multi-Method Review of the Processes Underlying Executive Control.

Monica N Toba1,2, Tal Seidel Malkinson3,4, Henrietta Howells5

  • 1Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences (UR UPJV 4559), University Hospital of Amiens and University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France. monica.n.toba@gmail.com.

Neuropsychology Review
|March 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive functions like attention, working memory, and executive control show overlapping brain mechanisms. A unified framework integrating diverse research methods can better explain goal-directed behavior and aid clinical interventions.

Keywords:
AttentionClinical anatomical correlationsDysexecutive syndromeExecutive controlWorking memory

More Related Videos

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

275
Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
08:30

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

20.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 5, 2025

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice
08:35

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice

Published on: January 22, 2016

12.3K
Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

275
Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
08:30

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

20.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurobiology of Executive Functions

Background:

  • Attention, working memory, and executive control are traditionally viewed as distinct cognitive functions.
  • Evidence from lesion studies indicates both shared and separate neural underpinnings and behavioral expressions.
  • A lower-dimensional framework may better capture processes supporting goal-directed behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the anatomical and functional relationships between attention, working memory, and executive control.
  • To integrate findings from various research methodologies to understand brain mechanisms of goal-directed behavior.
  • To propose a comprehensive anatomo-functional framework for executive functions.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of existing cognitive models.
  • Analysis of data from lesion studies.
  • Synthesis of recent findings from multimodal neuroimaging (invasive and non-invasive) and brain stimulation studies.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated overlap and dissociation in the behavioral expression and anatomical basis of attention, working memory, and executive control.
  • Highlighted the value of integrating evidence from diverse research approaches.
  • Identified converging evidence supporting shared neural mechanisms for goal-directed behavior.

Conclusions:

  • A unified anatomo-functional framework is proposed for understanding executive functions.
  • This framework can generate testable hypotheses for future research.
  • The approach aims to improve clinical neuroscience interventions for executive function impairments.