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Rheumatoid factor is associated with severe COVID-19
Hyemin Jeong1, Ae Rin Baek2, Sung Woo Park2
1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea.
International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases
|March 27, 2023
Summary
Rheumatoid factor (RF) and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are common in COVID-19 patients. RF is a significant risk factor for critical COVID-19, indicating immune dysfunction contributes to disease severity.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Autoimmunity
Background:
- COVID-19 has been linked to the development of autoimmune conditions.
- Understanding the role of autoantibodies in COVID-19 pathogenesis is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of autoantibodies in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
- To determine the clinical significance of these autoantibodies, particularly their association with disease severity and mortality.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 245 hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
- Testing for antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA), and anti-cytoplasmic neutrophil antibody (ANCA).
- Analysis of risk factors for death and critical COVID-19 (defined by mechanical ventilation or ECMO).
Main Results:
- 36.7% of patients had ANA, and 20.8% had RF.
- RF-positive patients showed significantly higher rates of mechanical ventilation and death.
- RF, quick COVID severity index (qCSI), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were independently associated with critical COVID-19.
- A combination of RF, qCSI, and LDH demonstrated strong prognostic value for critical COVID-19.
Conclusions:
- ANA and RF are frequently observed in COVID-19.
- Rheumatoid factor is identified as a potential risk factor for critical COVID-19 outcomes.
- These findings suggest that immune dysregulation plays a role in COVID-19 complications.
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