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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
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Long-acting growth hormone in 2022.

Margaret Steiner1, Jacklyn Frank1, Paul Saenger1

  • 1NYU Langone Health-Long Island 101 Mineola Boulevard Mineola New York USA.

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|March 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Long-acting growth hormone (GH) therapies offer improved patient-friendliness and efficacy over daily treatments. This advancement marks a new era in GH therapy for both pediatric and adult patients.

Keywords:
Albumin binding of growth hormoneGrowth hormone fusion proteinsLong‐acting growth hormonePegylation of growth hormoneProdrug of growth hormone

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • Historically, pituitary growth hormone (GH) was the sole treatment for GH deficiency, facing supply limitations.
  • The advent of recombinant GH in 1985 revolutionized therapy with unlimited supply and expanded indications.
  • Daily GH treatment became standard, but patient convenience and adherence remained areas for improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of growth hormone (GH) therapies.
  • To highlight the impact and benefits of long-acting GH (LAGH) formulations.
  • To discuss the future of LAGH in clinical practice for pediatric and adult patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of GH therapy development.
  • Analysis of clinical data on recombinant GH and LAGH.
  • Discussion of current and emerging GH formulations.

Main Results:

  • Recombinant GH significantly improved GH deficiency treatment accessibility.
  • Long-acting GH (LAGH) formulations introduced in 2021 offer enhanced patient-friendliness and comparable or superior efficacy to daily GH.
  • LAGH is poised to become the preferred GH therapy due to increased adherence and potential for improved growth rates.

Conclusions:

  • Long-acting GH (LAGH) represents a significant advancement in growth hormone therapy.
  • LAGH is expected to increase patient adherence and potentially enhance treatment efficacy.
  • Ongoing safety data will further support the widespread adoption of LAGH in pediatric and adult medicine.