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A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

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Head injury of two-wheeler cyclist based on fluid-solid coupling head model.

Na Yang¹, Tao Liu¹, Jianfeng Wang¹

¹School of Automotive Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, China.

|March 27, 2023

Summary

Electric two-wheeler accidents in China frequently cause traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study developed a coupled model to simulate driver head injuries, revealing potential nerve damage even with low Head Injury Criteria (HIC) scores.

Keywords:

Actual accident Electric two-wheeler Fluid-structure interaction Traffic injury assessment Traumatic brain injury

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Development of an Uncomplicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Model Modified by Weight-Drop Method and Evidenced by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Traffic Safety Engineering
Computational Modeling

Background:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of fatalities in electric two-wheeler accidents in China.
TBI poses significant risks to life safety and incurs substantial economic losses.
Existing injury assessment criteria may not fully capture the severity of head injuries in these specific accident scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a comprehensive finite element and multi-rigid body coupling model for simulating electric two-wheeler driver head impacts.
To assess the risk of traumatic brain injury in electric two-wheeler accidents using the developed model.
To provide a theoretical basis for improving traffic injury assessment and safety measures.

Main Methods:

Coupling a head fluid-structure interaction finite element model with a multi-rigid dummy body to create a driver model.
Establishing a human-vehicle-to-road combined system model, including vehicle and road components.
Validating the model using data from actual accident information.

Main Results:

Simulation results indicated potential for moderate to severe nerve injuries, even when the Head Injury Criteria (HIC) was below 1000.
The maximum simulated pressure reached 455.27 kPa, exceeding the critical threshold for brain contusion.
The model demonstrated high accuracy, with an overall relative error of less than 10% compared to actual accident data.

Conclusions:

The developed driver head model accurately simulates head injuries in electric two-wheeler accidents.
The findings highlight the risk of significant brain injury in scenarios where traditional metrics like HIC might suggest lower risk.
The model serves as a valuable tool for traffic injury assessment and informing safety interventions for electric two-wheeler riders.