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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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Stress concentration is when stress intensifies near discontinuities such as holes or abrupt cross-sectional changes in a structural member. This localized stress can often surpass the average stress within the member. The stress distribution in flat bars, either with a circular hole or varying widths connected by fillets, can be determined experimentally using a photoelastic method. The results are based on ratios of geometric parameters like the ratio of the hole's radius to the smaller...
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Mohr's circle is a crucial graphical method used to analyze plane strain by plotting strain on a set of cartesian coordinates, where the abscissa is normal strain ∈ and the ordinate is shear strain γ. Similarly to Mohr’s circle for plane stress, two points X and Y are plotted. Their coordinates are (∈x, -γXY) and (∈Y, γXY), respectively.
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Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain01:29

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Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...
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Consider the elastic torsion formula, which applies to a circular shaft with a consistent cross-section. This formula assumes that the shaft's ends are loaded with rigid plates firmly attached. However, in many cases, torques are applied to the shaft through mechanisms like flange couplings or gears, which are connected by keys inserted into keyways. This application method modifies the stress distribution near the point of torque application, causing it to deviate from the distributions...
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Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules
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Stress-field driven conformal lattice design using circle packing algorithm.

Fuyuan Liu1, Min Chen1, Lizhe Wang1

  • 1School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong - Liverpool, University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.

Heliyon
|March 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel generative strategy for lattice infilling optimization using organic strut-based lattices, significantly enhancing structural stiffness. The method optimizes lattice distribution for superior lightweight performance in additive manufacturing applications.

Keywords:
Circle packing algorithmConformal designGenetic algorithmOrganic Strut-based latticeStress-field driven

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Additive manufacturing (AM) enables lattice materials for lightweight optimization.
  • Current research focuses on lattice unit configuration and distribution.
  • Achieving extreme lightweight structures is crucial for high-end manufacturing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a generative strategy for lattice infilling optimization using organic strut-based lattices.
  • To enhance the mechanical properties and stiffness of lightweight structures.
  • To investigate the effectiveness of a novel generative approach compared to traditional methods.

Main Methods:

  • Sphere packing algorithm driven by von Mises stress fields for lattice density determination.
  • Utilizing Voronoi polygons and Delaunay triangles for lattice frame configuration.
  • Finite element analysis and a simplified truss model for mechanical property evaluation.
  • Genetic algorithm (GA) for optimizing parameters like node number and varying circle size.
  • Iso-surface modeling for creating organic strut-based lattice units to avoid stress concentration.

Main Results:

  • A generative strategy for lattice infilling optimization was successfully developed.
  • The optimized structure using organic strut-based lattices showed an 80% increase in stiffness compared to uniform body-centered cubic (BCC) lattices.
  • Experimental testing verified the enhanced stiffness of the optimized 3-point bending beam.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed generative approach effectively optimizes lattice distribution for improved mechanical performance.
  • Organic strut-based lattices offer a significant advantage in stiffness over traditional lattice structures.
  • This method provides a pathway for creating advanced lightweight materials with superior properties through additive manufacturing.