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Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks

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Published on: March 2, 2015

Human neural network activity reacts to gravity changes in vitro.

Johannes Striebel¹, Laura Kalinski², Maximilian Sturm²

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

Frontiers in Neuroscience

|March 27, 2023

Summary

Spaceflight alters brain function. This study shows that gravity changes neuronal activity in human neural networks, impacting cognitive performance. Understanding these gravity-dependent responses is key for astronaut health.

Keywords:

drop tower electrophysiology human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons hypergravity iNGN microgravity multi-electrode array (MEA)neural network

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Published on: July 26, 2013

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Space Biology
Biophysics

Background:

Spaceflight causes physiological changes, including brain alterations and cognitive decline.
Altered neuronal activity is implicated in mental disorders and reduced human performance in space.
Understanding gravity's cellular and network-level effects on neurons is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of altered gravity on neuronal activity at single-cell and network levels.
To utilize multi-electrode array (MEA) technology for real-time electrophysiological recordings of neural networks.
To assess responses to both microgravity and hypergravity conditions.

Main Methods:

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural networks were cultured *in vitro*.
Multi-electrode array (MEA) technology was used for continuous, real-time recording of spontaneous neuronal activity.
Experiments were conducted using a centrifuge for hypergravity (up to 6 g) and a drop tower for microgravity (10^-6 to 10^-5 g).

Main Results:

Hypergravity exposure induced significant changes in neuronal network activity.
Microgravity exposure led to a significant enhancement in mean action potential frequency.
Distinct neuronal subgroups exhibited varied responses, including increased or decreased firing rates, under altered gravity.

Conclusions:

Gravity is an environmental stimulus that directly alters neuronal activity.
Neuronal networks demonstrate sensitivity to acute mechanical loading (hypergravity) and unloading (microgravity).
These findings highlight gravity-dependent neuronal responses and the need for further research into adaptive mechanisms for space missions.