The Progress in Reconstruction of Mandibular Defect Caused by Osteoradionecrosis

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Radiation Oncology

Background:

• Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is exposed, nonviable bone failing to heal post-radiotherapy.
• ORN commonly affects the head and neck, particularly the mandible, impacting function and aesthetics.
• Etiology remains unclear despite theories like hypoxia and ferroptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current research on osteoradionecrosis (ORN).
• To summarize advancements in reconstructing mandibular defects caused by ORN.
• To highlight emerging treatments for improving reconstruction outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) research.
• Analysis of current and novel treatment strategies for ORN.
• Evaluation of reconstruction techniques for mandibular defects.

Main Results:

• ORN presents with varied severity, from asymptomatic exposed bone to severe necrosis with functional deficits.
• Treatment involves conservative measures, surgery, and reconstruction, with microanastomosed free-flaps showing promise.
• Emerging methods like 3-D printing, pentoxifylline, and amifostine aim to enhance reconstruction success.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of ORN requires a multidisciplinary approach.
• Microanastomosed free-flap reconstruction is a key strategy for ORN-related mandibular defects.
• Ongoing research into new therapies and technologies is crucial for improving ORN patient outcomes.