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In vitro controlled elemental analysis to evaluate the combined effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride with Er:YAG
Nihal S Amer1, Abo El-Yazeed M2, Ahmed Abbas Zaky3
1Researcher assistant, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Department, National Research Centre, Egypt.
Background:
Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) application is used for dental caries prevention. Combining APF with different laser wavelengths increases acid resistance in enamel.
Aim:
To assess the effects of Er:YAG (2940 nm) laser and diode (940 nm) laser after the application of APF on morphology and mineral content of enamel surfaces of human teeth in vitro.
Materials And Methods:
Twenty (20) freshly extracted third molar crowns were collected and split longitudinally into halves. Ten (10) halves were given to each of the following groups: group 1 (control), group 2 (application of 1.23% APF gel only), group 3 (diode laser; 1 W for 60 sec, contact mode after APF gel), and group 4 (Er:YAG; 80 mJ, 0.8 W, 10 Hz; in pulsed mode for 10 sec after APF gel). Specimens were morphologically examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and mineral content was analysed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Collected data were statistically analysed by ANOVA.
Results:
Morphologic results were superior in group 3 followed by group 2 and group 1 with the least change in group 4. EDX of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), and Ca/P ratio weight % showed the highest value with no statistical significance between groups 2 and 1, and higher with statistical significance in groups 3 and 4 in descending order. Carbon weight % showed highest results in group 4 then 3, 2, and 1. Fluoride weight % showed highest statistical results in group 4 then 2, 3, and 1.
Conclusion:
The diode laser showed superior morphological results after APF application compared to the Er:YAG laser. The Er:YAG increased fluoride absorption on outer enamel surfaces.
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