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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

44.7K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Neural Circuit Recording from an Intact Cockroach Nervous System
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Fipronil affects cockroach behavior and olfactory memory.

Maria Eduarda Rosa1, Letícia Campos2, Bruna Trindade Borges1

  • 1Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia (LANETOX), CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, S/N, BR 290, Km 423, CEP 97.307-020 São Gabriel-RS, Brazil.

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|March 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sublethal exposure to fipronil (Fpl), a common insecticide, impairs insect behavior and neurophysiology. Even low doses disrupt activity, learning, and memory, with implications for pollinator health.

Keywords:
EntomotoxicityNeurolocomotor deficitsPhenylpyrazolesSensorial disturbanceSublethal effects

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Insect neurobiology
  • Pesticide risk assessment

Background:

  • Fipronil (Fpl) is a widely used phenylpyrazole insecticide.
  • Fpl is linked to significant mortality in pollinator insects.
  • Environmental concentrations of Fpl may pose sublethal risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sublethal effects of fipronil on insect behavior and neurophysiology.
  • To use the cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea as a model organism.
  • To assess dose-dependent impacts of fipronil exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of Nauphoeta cinerea to sublethal fipronil concentrations (0.1-0.001 μg g-1).
  • Behavioral analysis including grooming and exploratory activity.
  • Neurophysiological assessments, including neuromuscular blockade and cardiac chronotropism.
  • Evaluation of learning and olfactory memory formation.

Main Results:

  • Sublethal fipronil doses increased grooming time and inhibited exploratory activity.
  • Fipronil caused dose-dependent neuromuscular blockade and irreversible negative cardiac chronotropism.
  • Learning and olfactory memory were disrupted at all tested fipronil doses.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term exposure to sublethal fipronil concentrations significantly disrupts insect behavior and physiology.
  • Fipronil's impact on olfactory memory is a key finding.
  • Results have implications for pesticide risk assessment, particularly for pollinators like honey bees.