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The Impact of Systemic Medications on Retinal Function.

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Summary

This review details how systemic medications and illicit drugs can cause retinal toxicity, aiding diagnosis through history and imaging. It covers various toxic patterns and newer drug impacts, offering insights into prevention and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Medications and illicit drugs can induce diverse retinal toxicities.
  • Early diagnosis relies on comprehensive drug history and characteristic clinical findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review systemic and intravitreal medications, as well as illicit drugs, associated with retinal toxicity.
  • To detail diagnostic patterns, mechanisms, and management strategies for drug-induced retinal toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature on drug-induced retinal toxicity.
  • Analysis of clinical retinal changes and multimodal imaging features.
  • Categorization of toxicities by affected retinal structures and drug classes.

Main Results:

  • Detailed review of agents causing retinal pigment epithelial disruption, vascular occlusion, macular edema, crystalline deposition, uveitis, and visual disturbances.
  • Exploration of the impact of novel chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutics.
  • Inclusion of illicit drugs known to affect retinal function.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of drug-induced retinal toxicity requires a detailed medication history and pattern recognition.
  • Understanding mechanisms, preventive measures, and treatment is crucial for managing these toxicities.
  • Emerging therapies necessitate ongoing vigilance for potential ocular side effects.