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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Network Science

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is often conceptualized as a disconnection syndrome, with prior research indicating widespread white matter abnormalities.
  • Reduced structural connectivity in schizophrenia may disrupt communication between brain regions, affecting global brain signal traffic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate direct and indirect (polysynaptic) communication within large-scale brain networks in schizophrenia using various network communication models.
  • To explore the relationship between reduced communication efficiency and clinical symptoms, including cognitive impairment, in individuals with schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Acquired diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) scans from 62 patients with schizophrenia and 35 healthy controls.
  • Applied five network communication models: shortest paths, navigation, diffusion, search information, and communicability to assess polysynaptic communication.

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenia group demonstrated less efficient communication between widespread brain regions, notably within the cortico-subcortical basal ganglia network, compared to controls.
  • Navigation efficiency was significantly associated with global cognitive impairment across verbal learning, processing speed, executive functions, and working memory.
  • No significant association was found between communication efficiency measures and positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest impaired large-scale brain network communication in schizophrenia, particularly affecting cortico-subcortical pathways.
  • Reduced navigation efficiency may be a key neurobiological mechanism underlying cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
  • This research enhances the mechanistic understanding of neurobiological processes contributing to cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia.