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Phase Diagrams

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...

Voltammograms: Overview

Voltammograms: Overview

Voltammograms are current plots as a function of applied potential, offering insights into electrochemical systems. The shape of a voltammogram depends on how the current is measured and whether convection (heat transfer by fluid movement) is present or absent.
Shapes of Voltammograms

Phase Diagram

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).

Properties of Transition Metals

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.

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Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model

Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model

Published on: May 23, 2018

Vanadium Oxide: Phase Diagrams, Structures, Synthesis, and Applications.

Peng Hu^1,2, Ping Hu^3,4, Tuan Duc Vu²

¹School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China.

Chemical Reviews

|March 27, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Vanadium oxides offer unique properties for energy applications. This review details recent synthesis and applications of various vanadium oxides, accelerating their development in batteries, catalysts, and smart windows.

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Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model

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Aerosol-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Metal Oxide Structures: Zinc Oxide Rods

Aerosol-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Metal Oxide Structures: Zinc Oxide Rods

Published on: September 14, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid State Chemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Vanadium oxides exhibit diverse properties due to multioxidation states and crystalline structures.
Extensive research over 30 years has explored their potential in energy storage, catalysis, and optoelectronics.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in synthesis methods for stable and metastable vanadium oxides.
To provide a comprehensive overview of their applications, particularly in batteries, catalysts, smart windows, and supercapacitors.

Main Methods:

Tutorial on the V-O phase diagram.
Detailed review of crystal structures, synthesis protocols, and applications of specific vanadium oxides (e.g., V2O3, VO2, V2O5).

Main Results:

Summarizes progress in synthesizing various vanadium oxide phases.
Highlights key applications in energy storage, water splitting, smart windows, supercapacitors, and sensors.

Conclusions:

Identifies current deficiencies in vanadium oxide materials and devices.
Suggests future directions for material and device improvements to accelerate development.