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Up and over: Consequences of raising the United States-Mexico border wall height
William A Marshall1, Vishal Bansal, Andrea Krzyzaniak
1From the Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, University of California San Diego Medical Center (W.A.M., L.N.H., A.E.B., J.J.D., T.W.C.); Department of Surgery, Scripps Mercy Hospital (V.B., A.K.); and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Rady Children's Hospital (R.I., B.A.K.), San Diego, California.
Objectives:
San Diego County's geographic location lends a unique demographic of migrant patients injured by falls at the United States-Mexico border. To prevent migrant crossings, a 2017 Executive Order allocated funds to increase the southern California border wall height from 10 ft to 30 ft, which was completed in December 2019. We hypothesized that the elevated border wall height is associated with increased major trauma, resource utilization, and health care costs.
Methods:
Retrospective trauma registry review of border wall falls was performed by the two Level I trauma centers that admit border fall patients from the southern California border from January 2016 to June 2022. Patients were assigned to either "pre-2020" or "post-2020" subgroups based upon timing of completion of the heightened border wall. Total number of admissions, operating room utilization, hospital charges, and hospital costs were compared.
Results:
Injuries from border wall falls grew 967% from 2016 to 2021 (39 vs. 377 admissions); this percentage is expected to be supplanted in 2022. When comparing the two subgroups, operating room utilization (175 vs. 734 total operations) and median hospital charges per patient ($95,229 vs. $168,795) have risen dramatically over the same time period. Hospital costs increased 636% in the post-2020 subgroup ($11,351,216 versus $72,172,123). The majority (97%) of these patients are uninsured at admission, with costs largely subsidized by federal government entities (57%) or through state Medicaid enrollment postadmission (31%).
Conclusion:
The increased height of the United States-Mexico border wall has resulted in record numbers of injured migrant patients, placing novel financial and resource burdens on already stressed trauma systems. To address this public health crisis, legislators and health care providers must conduct collaborative, apolitical discussions regarding the border wall's efficacy as a means of deterrence and its impact on traumatic injury and disability.
Level Of Evidence:
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.
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