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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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IBV QX affects the antigen presentation function of BMDCs through nonstructural protein16.

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  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.

Poultry Science
|March 27, 2023
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Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) nonstructural protein 16 (NSP16) inhibits antigen presentation in mouse BMDCs. This viral protein also activates the interferon pathway in chicken BMDCs, impacting antiviral responses.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a gamma-coronavirus, exhibits rapid mutation and targets respiratory mucosa, leading to significant economic losses in poultry.
  • The nonstructural protein 16 (NSP16) of IBV is crucial for viral invasion and may modulate host antigen presentation by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism by which IBV QX strain's NSP16 influences the immune function of host BMDCs.
  • To investigate the impact of NSP16 on antigen presentation and immune responses in both mouse and chicken BMDCs.

Main Methods:

  • Stimulation of mouse BMDCs with Poly (I:C) or avian infectious bronchitis virus (AIV) RNA in the presence of IBV QX NSP16.
  • Analysis of antigen presentation ability and immune response in mouse BMDCs.
  • Investigation of NSP16's effect on chicken BMDCs and the interferon signaling pathway.

Main Results:

  • IBV QX NSP16 significantly inhibited antigen presentation and immune response in mouse BMDCs stimulated with Poly (I:C) or AIV RNA.
  • IBV QX NSP16 significantly stimulated chicken BMDCs, leading to the activation of the interferon signaling pathway.
  • Preliminary findings suggest IBV QX NSP16 interferes with the host antiviral system by compromising BMDC antigen-presenting function.

Conclusions:

  • IBV QX NSP16 plays a critical role in modulating host innate immunity.
  • NSP16's dual effect on BMDCs—inhibition in mice and activation in chickens—highlights its complex role in viral immune evasion.
  • Understanding NSP16's mechanism is vital for developing effective strategies against IBV infections.