Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

11.6K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
11.6K
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

15.9K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
15.9K
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

12.4K
Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
12.4K
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

14.6K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
14.6K
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

8.7K
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
8.7K
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

9.1K
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
9.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tranquillyzer: A Neural Network Framework for Long-read Annotation and Demultiplexing.

Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics·2026
Same author

Cognitive mechanism of creative thinking: Integrating the semantic network and spreading activation model.

Behavior research methods·2026
Same author

From lipofuscin accumulation to cellular dysfunction: a focus on liver pathophysiology.

Histochemistry and cell biology·2026
Same author

Cellular accumulation of lipofuscin in the heart: implications in health and disease.

Histochemistry and cell biology·2026
Same author

Aberrant Cholesterol Metabolism Caused by Decreased Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Promoted Hepatocarcinogenesis.

Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma·2026
Same author

Interfacial modulation of oil microdroplets via <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> stimulated by exposed Fe clusters catalyzing ozonation of 1-adamantanecaboxylic acid for destabilization.

Water research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Identification of Sleeping Beauty Transposon Insertions in Solid Tumors using Linker-mediated PCR
10:34

Identification of Sleeping Beauty Transposon Insertions in Solid Tumors using Linker-mediated PCR

Published on: February 1, 2013

14.2K

Pan-cancer analysis identifies tumor-specific antigens derived from transposable elements.

Nakul M Shah1,2, H Josh Jang1,2,3, Yonghao Liang1,2

  • 1Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Nature Genetics
|March 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Transposable elements (TEs) reactivated in tumors create novel TE-chimeric antigens (TS-TEAs). These antigens are presented on cancer cell surfaces, offering potential therapeutic targets.

More Related Videos

Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR
10:54

Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR

Published on: July 27, 2019

8.7K
Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer
13:19

Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer

Published on: November 2, 2013

16.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Identification of Sleeping Beauty Transposon Insertions in Solid Tumors using Linker-mediated PCR
10:34

Identification of Sleeping Beauty Transposon Insertions in Solid Tumors using Linker-mediated PCR

Published on: February 1, 2013

14.2K
Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR
10:54

Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR

Published on: July 27, 2019

8.7K
Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer
13:19

Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer

Published on: November 2, 2013

16.6K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA sequences.
  • TEs can be reactivated in cancer, leading to novel gene expression.
  • This reactivation can generate tumor-specific antigens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively screen for TE exaptation events across various cancer types and normal tissues.
  • To identify shared tumor-specific TE-chimeric antigens (TS-TEAs).
  • To investigate the potential of these TS-TEAs and aberrant membrane proteins as therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of 33 TCGA tumor types, 30 GTEx adult tissues, and 675 cancer cell lines for TE exaptation.
  • Identification of TE-exapted candidates using genomic and transcriptomic data.
  • Validation using whole-lysate and HLA-pulldown mass spectrometry.

Main Results:

  • Identified 1,068 TE-exapted candidates with potential to generate shared TS-TEAs.
  • Confirmed presentation of TS-TEAs on the surface of cancer cells via mass spectrometry.
  • Highlighted tumor-specific membrane proteins transcribed from TE promoters on cancer cell surfaces.

Conclusions:

  • TE exaptation is prevalent across multiple cancer types, generating shared TS-TEAs.
  • Aberrant membrane proteins from TE promoters present unique extracellular epitopes.
  • These findings suggest potential for novel immunotherapeutic strategies targeting TS-TEAs and aberrant proteins.