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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
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Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
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Transcription is a highly regulated process that converts genetic information into RNA molecules. The transcription cycle is divided into three key stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each driven by specific molecular mechanisms.Initiation of TranscriptionIn bacteria, transcription begins when the RNA polymerase core enzyme associates with a sigma factor to form a holoenzyme. For example, the E. coli sigma factor called σ70 forms a holoenzyme, which recognizes the -10 (Pribnow...
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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach
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Transcription termination complex, Rtt103-Rai1-Rat1, regulates sub-telomeric transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Kathirvel Ramalingam1, Krishnaveni Mishra1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.

RNA Biology
|March 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The Rtt103 complex regulates telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) and other sub-telomeric transcripts. Mutants show increased transcript levels, suggesting Rtt103 recruits Rat1 to degrade these silenced RNAs.

Keywords:
Rat1Rtt103TERRATelomerestelomere position effect

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Area of Science:

  • * Molecular Biology
  • * Epigenetics
  • * RNA Biology

Background:

  • * Telomeres protect chromosome ends and influence gene expression via telomere position effect (TPE).
  • * Epigenetic silencing and RNA surveillance pathways regulate telomeric and sub-telomeric transcripts.
  • * Novel non-coding RNA species, including TERRA, ARRET, XUTs, and CUTs, originate from telomeres.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the role of the transcription termination complex (Rtt103-Rai1-Rat1) in regulating sub-telomeric RNA abundance.
  • * To determine if Rtt103 influences the levels of TERRA and other telomeric transcripts.
  • * To elucidate the mechanism by which Rtt103 controls these transcripts.

Main Methods:

  • * Analysis of Rtt103 mutants to assess sub-telomeric transcript levels.
  • * Investigating the dependence of Rtt103 function on transcription.
  • * Examining the interaction between Rtt103, Rat1, and RNA polymerase II.

Main Results:

  • * Rtt103 mutants exhibit significantly elevated levels of TERRA and other sub-telomeric transcripts.
  • * The regulation of these transcripts by Rtt103 is dependent on transcription.
  • * Evidence suggests Rtt103 recruits the exonuclease Rat1 for transcript degradation.

Conclusions:

  • * The Rtt103 complex plays a crucial role in controlling the abundance of sub-telomeric non-coding RNAs.
  • * Rtt103, likely via Rat1 recruitment, mediates the degradation of TERRA and related transcripts.
  • * This mechanism contributes to maintaining genome integrity and regulating gene expression near telomeres.