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Related Concept Videos

Ovarian Cycle01:27

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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
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Proliferative Phase01:20

Proliferative Phase

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The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

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The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
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Secretory Phase01:19

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The secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, spanning from day 14 to 28 in a typical 28-day cycle, is a period of significant physiological changes in the female reproductive system. This phase commences immediately after ovulation and is characterized by the preparation of the endometrium for potential embryo implantation.
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Increasing gonadorelin hydrochloride dose at the first GnRH of breeding Ovsynch enhances luteinizing hormone release, ovulatory response, and pregnancy in first-service lactating dairy cows.

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Rodent Estrous Cycle Monitoring Utilizing Vaginal Lavage: No Such Thing As a Normal Cycle
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The high fertility cycle.

P M Fricke1, M C Wiltbank1, J R Pursley2

  • 1Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706.

JDS Communications
|March 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dairy cows achieving pregnancy early (by 130 days in milk) exhibit a "high fertility cycle." This cycle involves better body condition management, fewer health issues, and improved reproductive success, leading to shorter calving intervals.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Dairy Husbandry

Background:

  • Dairy industry fertility programs have significantly improved reproductive performance in lactating cows over 20 years.
  • Reproductive performance is linked to periparturient health events and body condition score (BCS) changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concept of the "high fertility cycle" in lactating dairy cows.
  • To explore the relationship between BCS change, postpartum health, and reproductive outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Minireview of existing literature and data.
  • Analysis of the interrelationships between BCS, health events, and fertility metrics.

Main Results:

  • Cows achieving pregnancy by 130 days in milk have shorter calving intervals and lower BCS at dry-off and calving.
  • These high-fertility cows experience less BCS loss postpartum, fewer health issues, and higher first-insemination fertility.
  • Reduced early pregnancy loss is observed in cows within the high fertility cycle.

Conclusions:

  • The "high fertility cycle" describes a positive feedback loop between BCS management, postpartum health, and reproductive efficiency in dairy cows.
  • Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to establish causal links between BCS changes and fertility.