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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Long-Term Effect of Weight Regain Following Behavioral Weight Management Programs on Cardiometabolic Disease
Jamie Hartmann-Boyce1, Annika Theodoulou1, Jason L Oke2
1Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences (J.H.-B., A.T., A.R.B., A.B., R.B., F.D.R.H., S.A.J., P.A.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes
|March 28, 2023
Summary
Behavioral weight management programs improve cardiometabolic risk factors for at least 5 years, even with weight regain. However, their impact on reducing cardiovascular disease and diabetes incidence remains uncertain.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Behavioral weight management programs (BWMPs) show short-term efficacy but long-term cardiometabolic effects are unclear due to common weight regain.
- This study assesses the impact of weight regain following BWMPs on cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease incidence.
Approach:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of BWMPs in adults with overweight/obesity.
- Included trials reported cardiometabolic outcomes at ≥12 months post-program. Synthesized data using mixed-effects, meta-regression, and time-to-event models.
Key Points:
- 124 trials with median 28-month follow-up (range 11-360 months) were included.
- BWMPs significantly reduced total cholesterol/HDL ratio, systolic blood pressure, and HbA1c for at least 5 years post-program.
- Weight regain diminished these cardiometabolic benefits.
Conclusions:
- BWMPs confer lasting cardiometabolic benefits for at least 5 years, despite weight regain.
- Evidence for reducing cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes incidence is less certain, with limited long-term follow-up data.
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