Bioactive Materials for Caries Management: A Literature Review

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Cariology
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Clinicians increasingly adopt bioactive materials aligning with the medical model of caries management and minimally invasive dentistry.
• Bioactive materials in cariology are generally defined by their ability to form hydroxyapatite crystals on tooth surfaces.
• Current research focuses on developing advanced materials for effective caries management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of current bioactive materials used in caries management.
• To highlight the properties and applications of various bioactive material classes.
• To inform clinicians and researchers about innovations in dental biomaterials.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific publications on bioactive materials for caries management.
• Categorization of bioactive materials based on their composition and properties.
• Analysis of the mechanisms of action for different material types.

Main Results:

• Identified key bioactive material categories: fluoride-based, calcium- and phosphate-based, graphene-based, metal/metal-oxide nanomaterials, and peptide-based.
• Highlighted specific examples like Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) for antibacterial and remineralizing effects.
• Discussed the antibacterial and mineralizing properties of graphene oxide-silver and metal oxide nanomaterials.

Conclusions:

• Bioactive materials offer promising solutions for caries prevention and management.
• The integration of nanotechnology and advanced biomaterials enhances anticaries efficacy.
• Continued research into novel bioactive materials is crucial for advancing dental restorative and preventive strategies.