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Mpox (monkeypox): Diagnosis, prevention, and management in adults
Abstract:
Mpox (formerly "monkeypox") is a viral zoonosis that presents similarly to smallpox but is less contagious and causes less severe disease. Mpox may be transmitted from infected animals to humans through direct contact or a scratch or bite. Human-to-human transmission occurs through direct contact, respiratory droplets, and fomites. Two vaccines, JYNNEOS® and ACAM2000®, are currently available for postexposure prophylaxis as well as for prevention in certain populations at high risk for mpox. Most cases of mpox are self-limited; however, tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and cidofovir are available as treatments for at-risk populations.
Insights
Mpox, a viral zoonosis similar to smallpox, spreads through animal-to-human and human-to-human contact. Vaccines and antiviral treatments are available for prevention and management of mpox.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Mpox (formerly monkeypox) is a viral zoonotic disease presenting with symptoms similar to smallpox.
- Transmission occurs via animal-to-human contact (direct contact, bites, scratches) and human-to-human spread (direct contact, respiratory droplets, fomites).
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of mpox, including its transmission, available vaccines, and treatments.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of mpox epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and medical countermeasures.
Main Results:
- Mpox is less contagious and causes less severe illness than smallpox.
- Two vaccines, JYNNEOS® and ACAM2000®, are approved for postexposure prophylaxis and high-risk populations.
- Antiviral treatments including tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and cidofovir are available for at-risk individuals.
Conclusions:
- Mpox management involves vaccination for prevention and postexposure prophylaxis.
- Antiviral therapies are crucial for treating severe or complicated mpox cases in vulnerable populations.
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