Cascade biomimetic intelligent nanotheranostic agents for imaging-guided tumor synergistic therapy

Aim: Achieving drug-targeting delivery and environment-responsive releasing to realize imaging-guided precise tumor therapy. Materials & methods: Graphene oxide (GO) was used as the drug-delivery system to load indocyanine green (ICG) and doxorubicin (DOX) to form a GO/ICG&DOX nanoplatform, in which GO can quench the fluorescence of ICG and DOX. MnO₂ and folate acid-functionalized erythrocyte membrane were further coated into the surface of GO/ICG&DOX to obtain an FA-EM@MnO₂-GO/ICG&DOX nanoplatform. Results: The FA-EM@MnO₂-GO/ICG&DOX nanoplatform has longer blood circulation time, precise targeting delivery to tumor tissues and catalase-like activity. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that the FA-EM@MnO₂-GO/ICG&DOX nanoplatform has better therapeutic efficacy. Conclusion: The authors successfully fabricated a glutathione-responsive FA-EM@MnO₂-GO/ICG&DOX nanoplatform, which can achieve drug-targeting delivery and precise drug release.