Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Color Vision

Color Vision

Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Perceptual punctuation: fixational eye movements reveal segmentation of auditory streams.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2026

Same author

Pattern-induced visual discomfort and its cumulative effects revealed by pupillary measures.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2026

Same author

Oculomotor chronometry of spoken word structure processing.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Children with Autism Show Impaired Oculomotor Entrainment to Predictable Stimuli.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

The canonical deep neural network as a model for human symmetry processing.

iScience·2025

Same author

Microsaccades Tracking by Secondary Speckle Pattern Analysis.

Journal of biophotonics·2024

Same journal

Analysis of human visual experience data.

Journal of vision·2026

Same journal

Pyramid-based Bayesian modeling for high-resolution behavioral analysis.

Journal of vision·2026

Same journal

Sensation without perception: The white whale effect and perceptual blindness in autonomous vehicles.

Journal of vision·2026

Same journal

Gaze behavior during closed-captioned movie viewing adapts to absent audio through more frequent switching between text and scene.

Journal of vision·2026

Same journal

In pursuit of saccade awareness: Limited volitional control and minimal conscious access to catch-up saccades during smooth pursuit eye movements.

Journal of vision·2026

Same journal

Dissociable effects of element-lifetime and stimulus-duration on local and global motion processing: An equivalent noise study.

Journal of vision·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Fixation-related visual mismatch negativity.

Oren Kadosh^1,2, Yoram S Bonneh^1,3,4

¹School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.

Journal of Vision

|March 28, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers combined EEG and eye tracking to study natural vision. They found that visual mismatch negativity and prolonged oculomotor inhibition signal prediction errors during natural viewing tasks.

More Related Videos

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

Author Spotlight: Assessment of Visual Acuity in Central Vision Loss Through Motion-Based Peripheral Vision Testing

Author Spotlight: Assessment of Visual Acuity in Central Vision Loss Through Motion-Based Peripheral Vision Testing

Published on: February 23, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

Author Spotlight: Assessment of Visual Acuity in Central Vision Loss Through Motion-Based Peripheral Vision Testing

Author Spotlight: Assessment of Visual Acuity in Central Vision Loss Through Motion-Based Peripheral Vision Testing

Published on: February 23, 2024

Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Visual Perception
Psychophysics

Background:

Studying natural vision requires integrating electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye tracking.
Saccades can trigger fixation-related potentials (FRPs) and oculomotor inhibition (OMI).
Previous research identified visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) and prolonged saccadic inhibition for unexpected visual stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an oddball paradigm for constrained natural viewing.
To investigate if a mismatched FRP and prolonged OMI occur for visual deviance in natural viewing.

Main Methods:

Developed a visual oddball paradigm using a static display with standard and deviant visual stimuli.
26 observers viewed sequences of patterns, searching for a superimposed target.
EEG and eye tracking recorded brain activity and eye movements during the task.

Main Results:

A significantly larger FRP-N1 negativity was observed for deviant stimuli compared to standard stimuli.
Prolonged OMI was found following saccades related to deviant stimuli.
These findings demonstrate prolonged OMI and enhanced fixation-related N1 for task-irrelevant visual mismatch in natural, task-guided viewing.

Conclusions:

Fixation-related potentials (FRPs) and oculomotor inhibition (OMI) can reflect prediction errors in natural viewing.
The combination of FRP-N1 and OMI serves as a marker for prediction error during free viewing.
This study establishes a method for studying visual processing in more naturalistic settings.