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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building01:26

Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building

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As the construction industry moves towards more eco-friendly practices, concrete's adaptability and its ability to incorporate sustainable features make it a key material in the drive towards greener building solutions.
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Workability of Concrete01:25

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The workability of concrete is a crucial property that affects its handling, placing, and finishing during construction. It describes the ease with which concrete can be mixed, placed, compacted, and finished. Workability is primarily concerned with the concrete's movement and its ability to resist internal friction and external resistance from molds and reinforcements during the application process.
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Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete01:22

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Concrete's susceptibility to water absorption is due to the capillary action within the pores of its hydrated cement paste. This action draws water in, creating the need for waterproofing admixtures to prevent such penetration. The efficacy of these admixtures is contingent upon the water pressure, with variations arising from different conditions such as rain, capillary rise, or hydrostatic pressure in structures intended to hold water.
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Concrete01:20

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Concrete is a vital construction material extensively used worldwide, primarily valued for its strength, durability, and versatility, which it provides for various structural designs. Concrete generally comprises ingredients like Portland cement, coarse gravel, fine sand, and water. Concrete can be mixed by simple hand methods or industrially at computer-controlled plants. The mixture consists of aggregates and a paste made from water and Portland cement. This paste coats the aggregates and,...
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Abrasion Resistance of Concrete01:23

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Abrasion resistance is an essential characteristic of concrete that determines its durability and longevity under various wear conditions. Concrete surfaces are vulnerable to different types of abrasion. For instance, surfaces may wear down due to the constant movement of vehicles or be eroded by solids carried in water, as seen in concrete canal linings. Specific tests are conducted to measure the abrasion resistance of concrete.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Production and Analysis of Sporosarcina pasteurii Biocement Bricks Using Custom 3D-Printed Molds for Unconfined Compression Tests
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Bioconcrete-Enabled Resilient Construction: a Review.

Gaurav Tyagi1,2, Mukund Lahoti3, Anshuman Srivastava2

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Waknaghat, 173234, India.

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
|March 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Concrete is widely used but prone to cracking, which reduces its lifespan. Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) offers a self-healing solution. Bacteria inside concrete produce calcium carbonate when cracks form, filling them naturally. This process is eco-friendly and self-activated. The study reviews recent advances in bacterial strains, calcium sources, and encapsulation methods. It also examines testing protocols and economic challenges. The review provides a structured overview for researchers and engineers. It highlights the need for standardized methods and further research on bacterial viability.

Keywords:
Bacteria-based crack healingCementitious compositesConcreteEncapsulating materialMicrobially induced calcium carbonate precipitation concrete (MICCP)bioconcreteMICCPself-healing materialssustainable construction

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Area of Science:

  • Construction materials engineering
  • Biological concrete technology
  • Sustainable infrastructure development

Background:

Concrete remains a dominant construction material despite its vulnerability to cracking. Cracks allow harmful substances to infiltrate, reducing durability. Traditional repair methods are costly and temporary. Recent research has shifted toward biological solutions. Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) is a promising alternative. It uses bacteria to precipitate calcium carbonate within cracks. This process is self-activated and eco-friendly. Prior studies have explored bacterial strains and calcium sources. However, implementation challenges remain. This review addresses current gaps in MICCP application and testing.

Purpose Of The Study:

This review aims to consolidate existing knowledge on MICCP for concrete repair. The goal is to evaluate recent advancements in bacterial species, calcium sources, and encapsulation methods. The study also examines bio-calcification and curing techniques. It seeks to clarify the role of aggregates and environmental factors. The purpose is to identify practical limitations and testing protocols. The review provides a structured overview for researchers and engineers. It highlights the need for standardized methodologies. The ultimate aim is to guide future MICCP implementation in construction.

Main Methods:

The study uses a systematic literature review approach. It analyzes recent publications on MICCP applications. The focus is on bacterial strains, calcium sources, and encapsulation strategies. The methods include evaluating bio-calcification processes and curing techniques. The study also examines crack formation and observation methods. Property analysis of repaired concrete is reviewed. Techno-economic limitations are discussed in detail. The methodology ensures a comprehensive synthesis of current research findings.

Main Results:

MICCP shows potential for self-healing concrete applications. Bacterial strains like *Sporosarcina pasteurii* are commonly used. Calcium sources include calcium chloride and urea. Encapsulation methods protect bacteria until crack activation. Bio-calcification techniques vary with environmental conditions. Curing methods influence the effectiveness of MICCP. Crack observation methods include visual inspection and acoustic testing. Techno-economic analyses highlight cost and scalability challenges.

Conclusions:

The study confirms MICCP's viability as a self-healing concrete solution. Bacterial activity and calcium sources are critical for success. Encapsulation and curing methods affect performance. The review identifies gaps in standardized testing protocols. Practical limitations include cost and scalability. The authors suggest further research on bacterial viability. They propose improved encapsulation techniques. The review serves as a guide for future MICCP implementation.

MICCP uses bacteria to precipitate calcium carbonate in cracks. The bacteria produce calcium carbonate as a metabolic byproduct.

Sporosarcina pasteurii is frequently used due to its ureolytic activity. Other strains include Bacillus species.

Encapsulation protects bacteria until cracks form. It ensures bacteria remain viable until activation.

Calcium chloride provides a calcium source for carbonate precipitation. It is often encapsulated within concrete.

Effectiveness is measured through crack observation and property analysis. Techniques include visual inspection and acoustic testing.

Cost and scalability are major limitations. Bacterial viability and encapsulation costs affect implementation.