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Related Concept Videos

Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

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Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
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Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by...
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Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
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Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV01:26

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Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

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Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies
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Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies

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Electronic Cigarette Use during Pregnancy: Is It Harmful?

M J Ruzmyn Vilcassim1, Samuel Stowe1, Rachel Majumder2

  • 1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.

Toxics
|March 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Vaping during pregnancy is increasing, despite potential risks from toxic compounds in e-cigarette aerosols. More research is needed to understand the effects of electronic cigarette use on maternal and fetal health.

Keywords:
biomarkerselectronic cigarettesperinatal healthpregnancyvaping

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Toxicology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Combustible cigarette smoking rates have declined, but electronic cigarette use (vaping) has risen among young adults.
  • Vaping during pregnancy is increasing, often perceived as a safer alternative to smoking.
  • E-cigarette aerosols may contain novel toxic compounds, including developmental toxicants, posing risks to mother and fetus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing evidence on the risks of vaping during pregnancy.
  • To identify knowledge gaps regarding maternal and fetal health outcomes associated with vaping.
  • To advocate for research evaluating the safety of e-cigarettes and alternative tobacco products.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on vaping and pregnancy.
  • Analysis of potential toxic compounds in e-cigarette aerosols.
  • Identification of research needs for assessing systemic exposure and clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Limited studies exist on the effects of vaping during pregnancy.
  • Adverse perinatal outcomes of smoking are established, but specific risks of vaping are not well-defined.
  • E-cigarette aerosols may contain harmful developmental toxicants.

Conclusions:

  • More research is critically needed to understand the health impacts of vaping during pregnancy.
  • Studies investigating vaping-associated systemic exposure (biomarkers) and clinical maternal/neonatal outcomes are essential.
  • Research should objectively evaluate e-cigarette safety, moving beyond direct comparisons to combustible cigarettes.